CAR T-cells have well and truly earned their stripes, and have convincingly revolutionised the landscape of cancer therapy and beyond. Yet despite these advances, significant challenges remain in the field of cellular therapies. Response rates are not 100%, responses may not be durable and challenges with toxicity remain. Furthermore, some diseases have not been well serviced by these developments, with responses being disappointing in some disease sub-types. Clinical translation of cellular therapies poses some unique challenges, including pre-clinical testing and validation, regulatory requirements, and manufacturing processes. This talk will cover areas of need in cellular therapy, challenges posed in the therapeutic and translational spheres, and where the field may head in the future